Balance sheets are one of the three most important documents companies rely on for financial reporting and planning. It showcases the liquidity of a business and summarizes its financial situation. To accomplish this, the statement compares a company’s assets, liabilities, and equity against each other.
What Are the Basics of a Balance Sheet Structure?
The balance sheet makes it easy for managers and investors to review the health of a business at a glance. However, some might argue that the final line of the balance sheet provides an over-simplified answer to whether a business is healthy or not.
Because of this, it’s important to pay attention to all the key elements that comprise the accounting balance sheet format:
- Assets are everything a company owns and can use to pay its debts. This includes cash, investments, accounts receivable, inventory, and property.
- Liabilities refer to the money a company owes to others. This includes things like short-term and long-term debt, accounts payable, and deferred revenue.
- Equity is the ownership interest that shareholders have in a company. This includes common stock, retained earnings, and treasury stock.
What Are the Different Types of Balance Sheet?
There are two types of balance sheets: corporate and financial. Corporate balance sheets show a company’s assets, liabilities, and equity. Financial balance sheets show a company’s financial position. Each type of balance sheet has its own purpose and uses.
Accountants use the corporate balance sheet to show a company’s liquidity and summarize its financial situation. They use this for internal decision-making and to provide financial information to creditors, investors, and other stakeholders.
Accountants use the financial balance sheet to report a company’s financial position to the public. The financial balance sheet is legally required for some business types and must be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
What Businesses Need a Balance Sheet for a Corporation?
All businesses that are required to file financial statements with the SEC must also include a balance sheet. This generally includes publicly traded companies, such as Amazon or Tesla. Companies that plan to go public or that want to raise investor capital via other means will also need balance sheets, income statements, and cash flow statements. Investors will review these documents to estimate risk before making a decision.
What Are the Benefits of Creating Balance Sheets?
Even if you have no compliance requirements to file a balance sheet with your taxes, you might want to create one. Here are some of the many ways balance sheets can benefit your finance team and the business:
Helps you track progress against financial goals: A balance sheet can help you assess whether your business is on track to achieve its financial goals. Consider setting milestones to make it easier to track progress.
Makes it easier to obtain financing: Your business loan lender will likely want to see a balance sheet and other documents. It uses these to determine your ability to pay back the loan, which could also affect your interest rate.
Helps you manage cash flow: It shows you how much cash your company has on hand, as well its financial obligations. This can help you track cash inflows and outflows.
Helps you make informed business decisions: Your decisions are only as good as the information you have to support them. The balance sheet can help ensure you have a good snapshot of company finances when allocating resources.
How Can Generating More Cash Boost Your Balance Sheet?
Whether you’re reviewing the balance sheet for a corporation or small business, cash plays a big role. Because it forms part of the total assets, generating more cash can only make the business look better to potential investors and key stakeholders.